A study to analyze the differences between GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay and LED fluorescent microscopy for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in a tertiary care centre

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Original Article

Author Details : Thomas S Kuruvilla*, Pampi Majumder

Volume : 7, Issue : 1, Year : 2020

Article Page : 39-42

https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2020.009

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Abstract

Introduction: Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures although being the gold standard for diagnosing
tuberculosis has its limitations as it is time consuming. Thus newer methods using light-emitting diode
fluorescent microscopy (LED-FM) and molecular methods like the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay are being
adopted as a mainstay for diagnosing tuberculosis around the globe.
Materials and Methods: This observational descriptive study was carried out for a period of 21 months.
Sputum samples from 110 adult subjects with a clinical suspicion of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) were
stained for LED-FM microscopy and also inoculated into the GeneXpert assay. The positive smears were
graded as per the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) guidelines and positive
GeneXpert assay results along with Rifampicin resistance were noted and analysed.
Results: Out of the 110 samples, (77.2%) were males and (22.7%) females. Of the 110 samples, 75
(68.1%) were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the GeneXpert assay. In contrast with LEDFM,
all 25 smear positive samples were also GeneXpert positive. Additionally, GeneXpert detected 10
smear negative cases. 10 (9%) positive GeneXpert isolates showed resistance to Rifampicin. The overall
sensitivity of GeneXpert was greater but its specificity was comparable with LED-FM.
Conclusion: The Xpert and LED-FM tests were comparable in specificity, but the GeneXpert assay out
did the LED-FM as it was a more sensitive and rapid test for the diagnosis of tuberculosis and additionally
detection of Rifampicin resistance. Our study fully agrees that the GeneXpert assay is a step ahead in the
early diagnosis of tuberculosis even for smear negative cases of PTB. This assay is also a relatively simple
and routine test that staff can perform with minimal training.

Keywords: LED fluorescent microscopy, GeneXpert, Rifampicin resistance.

How to cite : Kuruvilla T S, Majumder P, A study to analyze the differences between GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay and LED fluorescent microscopy for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in a tertiary care centre. Indian J Microbiol Res 2020;7(1):39-42

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