Seroprevalence of transfusion-transmissible infectious agents (HIV, HBV, HCV, plasmodium species and treponema pallidum infections) among blood donors at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Chennai: Changing trends over a period of five years

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Original Article

Author Details : D. Umesh, Aparna V., S. Padma

Volume : 5, Issue : 1, Year : 2018

Article Page : 31-37

https://doi.org/10.18231/2394-5478.2018.0006

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Abstract

Introduction: Transfusion-transmissible infections (TTI) are principal threat to the recipient of a blood transfusion. Consequently, Drugs and cosmetics act asserts that mandatory screening tests must be performed to rule out TTI (human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Plasmodium species and Treponema pallidum). The principal intention of this study was to resolve the seroprevalence and inclining trends of TTI amongst blood donors at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Chennai.
Materials & Methods: A detailed retrospective study and analysis of successive blood donors'(both voluntary and replacement) records covering over the period from January 2010 and December 2014 was carried out. Statistical analysis was performed to establish the trends interconnected with TTI.
Results: 2006 (1.2%) donor blood samples from 165809 successive blood donors were tested to be serologically reactive for at least one infectious agent, amongst which 14(0.008%) samples tested contained more than one TTI agents. Correspondingly, on the whole seroprevalence of TTI agents - HIV, HBV, HCV, Plasmodium sp. and Treponema pallidum infections was 0.04%, 1.14%, 0.022%, 0.0006 and 0.0006%. A statistical significant correlation was identified between HBV and HIV viral infections. Furthermore, appreciably declining tendency in seropositivity of HIV, Plasmodium sp. and Treponema infections and continuing increasing drift of perilous HBV and HCV sero-reactivity was identified throughout the study phase.
Conclusion: A considerably significant fraction pool of blood donations spread HIV, HBV and HCV infections. Compulsory screening of donors' blood with stringent selection of voluntary blood donors along with by prescribed standard techniques are particularly recommended to guarantee the protection of recipient undergoing blood transfusion.

Keywords: Drugs and cosmetics act 1940, Mandatory screening test, Seroprevalence, Transfusion-Transmissible Infectious (TTI) Agents.

 

How to cite : Umesh D, Aparna V., Padma S, Seroprevalence of transfusion-transmissible infectious agents (HIV, HBV, HCV, plasmodium species and treponema pallidum infections) among blood donors at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Chennai: Changing trends over a period of five years. Indian J Microbiol Res 2018;5(1):31-37

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